Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: Transforming Growth Factor β1 Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alveolar Macrophages 1

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701325

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGFβ1 decreases the Type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in CD14+ human monocyte-derived macrophages (HmMoDM). A) Gene expression profiles of M1 markers from six independent experiments performed in duplicate for each sample and reported as mean ± SEM. B) Protein expression of M1 markers measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from cell culture media from five independent experiments performed in duplicate for each sample and reported as mean ± SEM. C) Gene expression profiles of M2 markers from six independent experiments performed in duplicate for each sample and reported as mean ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05 vs. control, Op ≤ 0.05 vs. RSV, #p ≤ 0.05 vs. TGFβ1.

Article Snippet: Human recombinant M-CSF was added to the monocytes according to the CellXVivo Human M2 Macrophage Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Virus, Derivative Assay, Gene Expression, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Chinese medicine

Article Title: Shen-Bai-Jie-Du decoction suppresses the progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma through regulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.

doi: 10.1186/s13020-024-01019-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9 The schematic diagram of the mechanism of SBJDD. SBJDD may exert its inhibitory effects on colorectal adenoma carcinogenesis by regulating gut microbiota, promoting the production of SCFAs, activating G protein-coupled receptors GPR43, GPR41 and GPR109a, inhibiting histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC3, inducing M2-like macrophage polarization, reducing intestinal inflammation, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and restoring intestinal barrier function

Article Snippet: Anti-GAPDH (no. 2118S), anti-β-Tubulin (no. 2146S) and Mouse Reactive M1 vs M2 Macrophage IHC Antibody Sampler Kit (no. 97624 T) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Establishment of M1 and M2 Mφs and characterization of Mφ-ABs. (A) Schematic illustration of apoptotic bodies-guided macrophage reprogramming. M2 Mφ-derived apoptotic bodies (M2-ABs) can trigger the switch of M1 to M2 Mφs transformation and alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. (B) Schematic diagram of obtaining M1 and M2 Mφs. (C) Western blot analysis showed the expression of Mφ markers 24 h after polarization. (D) Representative SEM image of ABs. Scale bar, 500 nm. (E) Size distribution of ABs measured by DLS. (F) Western blot analysis specific protein markers of Mφs and Mφs-ABs. (G) Confocal images of M1 Mφs incubation with 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of DiD-labeled M2-ABs in 4 or 6 h, respectively (Red: DiD-labeled M2-ABs; Blue: cell nuclear). Scale bars, 50 μm. (H) Relative fluorescence intensity of DiD-labeled M2-ABs internalized in M1 Mφs.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Transformation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Incubation, Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: M2-ABs guided reprogramming of M1 Mφs to M2 Mφs. (A) Immunostaining of iNOS and Arginase in M1 Mφs after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h incubation with 50 μg/mL of M2-ABs, respectively. (B) Western blot analysis of M1 Mφs treated with 50 μg/mL of M2-ABs over time. (C) Relative gray value of M1 and M2 Western blot markers in Mφs. (D) Heat map for expression analysis (using RT-qPCR) of M1 and M2 macrophages marker genes ( n = 3). (E) FACS histogram showed reprogramming efficiency of M1 Mφs treated with 50 μg/mL of M2-ABs over time.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Incubation, Western Blot, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Marker

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro anti-inflammatory and chondrocyte protective effects of RM2 Mφs. (A) The concentrations of macrophage serum-free medium cytokines were determined using the Bio-Plex mouse cytokine 23-Plex panel. (B) a . Schematic diagram of RM2 co-culture with chondrocytes; b. EdU proliferation assays of chondrocytes exposed to classically activated M1-Mφs, alternatively activated M2-Mφs and RM2 for 24 h were performed; c. EdU positive fluorescence intensity analysis. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗ P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, Co-Culture Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micro-RNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) analysis and molecular mechanism of M2-ABs. (A) Top 50 known miRNAs that were detected in M2-ABs. (B) Co-localization of macrophages and miR-21a-5p. (C) Western blot analysis of the effect of miR-21a-5p inhibitors on M2-ABs guided M1-Mφs reprogramming to M2-Mφs. (D) Flow cytometry (FACS) histogram shows the effect of miR-21a-5p inhibitors on M2-ABs guided M1-Mφs reprogramming to M2-Mφs.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo biodistribution of M2-ABs. (A) Real-time in vivo imaging of Cy7 NHS labeled M2-ABs. The mice were analyzed at the indicated times after knee injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 50 μg/μl of M2-ABs. (B) Ex vivo imaging of major organs at day 3 after mice had been treated with M2-ABs. (C) Viscera distribution of fluorescent at day 3 after knee injection of Cy7-NHS labeled M2-ABs.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vivo Imaging, Labeling, Injection, Saline, Ex Vivo, Imaging

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: μCT evaluations of M2-ABs treated OA induced by ACLT. (A) Three-dimensional μCT images of frontal views of the knee joints at 5 weeks after sham operation or ACLT operation. (B) Sagittal views of medial compartment subchondral bone. ( C) Quantitative analysis of BV, BV/TV, Tb.Sp, Tb. n and Tb.Th. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01. Scale = 1 mm.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: The miR-21-5p enriched in the apoptotic bodies of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates osteoarthritis by changing macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: M2-ABs alleviated the disease progression of OA in vivo ( n = 5 for each group). (A) Representative images of H&E staining and (B) Safranin O-fast green staining from each group. (C) Representative immunostaining images of M2 (Arginase, red) and (D) M1 (iNOS, green) Mφ in synovial tissues. (E) Depth of cartilage. (F) Total Mankin scores of articular cartilage. (G) Fluorescence intensity analysis of CD206 and (H) CD86 in synovial tissue. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗ P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ABs with M1 and M2 Mφs were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Beyotime Bio-Tech, China).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, In Vivo, Staining, Immunostaining, Fluorescence